lunes, mayo 07, 2018

"Operaciones Especiales " o "Spec Ops"

Son operaciones militares (discretas y generalmente secretas, pero no clandestinas) que se describen así:

Special operations (S.O.) are military operations that are "special" or unconventional and carried out by dedicated special forces and other special operations forces units using unconventional methods and resources. Special operations may be performed independently, or in conjunction with conventional military operations. The primary goal is to achieve a political or military objective where a conventional force requirement does not exist or might adversely affect the overall strategic outcome. Special operations are usually conducted in a low-profile manner that aims to achieve the advantages of speed, surprise, and violence of action against an unsuspecting target. Special ops are typically carried out with limited numbers of highly trained personnel that are adaptable, self-reliant and able to operate in all environments, and able to use unconventional combat skills and equipment. Special operations are usually implemented through specific, tailored intelligence.[1]

Los actores de las Operaciones Especiales, en los USA y bajo el mando del USSOCOM, son las siguientes Fuerzas de Élite:

In the United States Armed Forces, SOF includes Army Special Forces ("Green Berets"), Army Rangers, Navy SEALs, Navy SWCC (SEAL TEAM SIX, de la imagen superior), United States Air Force Special Tactics, Marine Special Operations (MARSOC), SFOD-D (Delta Force), JSOC, select specially trained Military Intelligence/Counterintelligence units, Civil Affairs (active duty), Military Information Support Operations (MISO), which was formerly Psychological Operations personnel (PSYOP), and Special Operations Aviation units under the umbrella of the United States Special Operations Command.

Las Operaciones clandestinas las lleva la CIA.

Y en Francia, al mando del COS (Commandement des Opérations Spéciales) son:
Y para las operaciones clandestinas: Unités du service Action de la direction générale de la Sécurité extérieure (DGSE) 
  • Le « 11e choc » : le 11e bataillon parachutiste de choc (11e BPC) de 1946 à 1963 ; la 11e demi-brigade parachutiste de choc (11e DBPC) de 1955 à 1963 ; le 11e régiment parachutiste de choc (11e RPC) de 1985 à 1993
  • Le centre d'instruction des réserves volontaires parachutistes (CIRVP), le centre parachutiste d'instruction spécialisée (CPIS) de Perpignan (que forma los "James Bond" franceses) et le centre parachutiste d'entraînement spécialisé (CPES)
  • Le centre d'instruction des nageurs de combat (CINC) puis le centre parachutiste d'entraînement aux opérations maritimes (CPEOM)
  • Le groupe aérien mixte 56 Vaucluse.

Y en Israel, la principal fuerza de Operaciones Especiales son los commandos del  "Sayeret Matkal", mientras que las operaciones encubiertas y clandestinas corren a cargo del "Mossad"

Coronel Von Rohaut

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